Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within the ovaries. Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous) and do not necessarily cause symptoms. They can vary in size, ranging from very small to quite large. Ovarian cysts are common and often resolve on their own without the need for medical intervention. However, some cysts may cause discomfort, pain, or complications.
Functional Cysts:The most common type of ovarian cyst is a functional cyst, which forms as a normal part of the menstrual cycle. These cysts are often transient and typically resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles.
There are two main types of functional cysts:
Follicular cysts: Form when an ovarian follicle (the structure that contains an egg) does not release an egg during ovulation and continues to grow.
Corpus luteum cysts: Form after the release of an egg when the follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum. If the corpus luteum fills with fluid, it can become a cyst.
Other Types of Cysts:Some cysts are not related to the normal menstrual cycle and may persist or grow larger. These include:
Dermoid cysts: Contain tissues like hair, skin, or teeth.
Endometriomas: Form as a result of endometriosis, where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
Cystadenomas: Develop from ovarian tissue and may be filled with a watery or mucous-like substance.
Symptoms: Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during a pelvic exam or imaging studies. However, some cysts may cause symptoms such as pelvic pain or a feeling of fullness or heaviness in the abdomen. Pain may be acute if a cyst ruptures or causes the ovary to twist (ovarian torsion).
Diagnosis: Ovarian cysts are often diagnosed through imaging studies, such as ultrasound. In some cases, further diagnostic tests, such as blood tests, may be conducted to evaluate hormonal levels.
Treatment: Treatment for ovarian cysts depends on factors such as the type, size, and symptoms. Many cysts, especially functional ones, resolve on their own without medical intervention. Monitoring through follow-up exams or imaging may be recommended. In cases of persistent or symptomatic cysts, healthcare providers may consider medications or, in some cases, surgical removal.
