A high-risk pregnancy is one in which the health of the mother or baby, or both, is at an increased risk for complications compared to a typical pregnancy. Various factors can contribute to a pregnancy being classified as high risk, and these factors may vary from woman to woman.
Advanced Maternal Age: Women who become pregnant at age 35 or older are considered to be at an increased risk for certain complications, such as chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome), gestational diabetes, and hypertension.
Medical Conditions: Pre-existing health conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, kidney disease, and certain infections, can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy.
Multiple Pregnancies: Carrying twins, triplets, or more (multiple pregnancies) is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and other complications.
History of Pregnancy Complications: Women who have previously experienced complications in pregnancy, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes, may be at an increased risk in subsequent pregnancies.
History of Miscarriage or Stillbirth: Women who have a history of pregnancy loss, whether through miscarriage or stillbirth, may be considered at higher risk in subsequent pregnancies.
Certain Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, and inadequate prenatal care can contribute to a higher risk of complications.
Genetic Factors: Certain genetic factors or family history may increase the risk of birth defects or genetic disorders.
Placenta Previa: When the placenta covers part or all of the cervix, it can lead to bleeding and complications during delivery.
Preterm Labor: Women at risk of preterm labor or those who have a history of preterm birth may be classified as high risk.
Abnormal Fetal Development: Certain conditions affecting the baby's development may increase the risk of complications.
Management of a high-risk pregnancy involves close monitoring, specialized prenatal care, and sometimes interventions to address potential complications. Women with high-risk pregnancies often receive care from a multidisciplinary team, which may include obstetricians, perinatologists (specialists in high-risk pregnancy), and other healthcare professionals.
