Adenomyosis is a medical condition that occurs when the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (myometrium). This condition can cause the uterus to become enlarged, swollen, and tender. Adenomyosis is a benign (non-cancerous) condition, but it can lead to various symptoms and complications.
Menstrual cramps: Adenomyosis often causes severe, prolonged menstrual cramps that may start before menstruation and continue throughout the period.
Heavy menstrual bleeding: Women with adenomyosis may experience heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.
Pelvic pain: Some individuals with adenomyosis may experience chronic pelvic pain or discomfort, particularly during intercourse.
Enlarged uterus: The condition can lead to an enlarged and bulky uterus, which may be noticeable during a pelvic examination.
The exact cause of adenomyosis is not well understood, but it is believed to be associated with factors such as hormonal imbalances, inflammation, and previous uterine surgeries. It typically occurs in women who have had children and is most commonly diagnosed in women in their 40s and 50s.
Diagnosis of adenomyosis often involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In some cases, a definitive diagnosis may require a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and examination of the uterine tissue.
Treatment options for adenomyosis vary based on the severity of symptoms and the individual's reproductive goals. Conservative approaches may include pain management medications, hormonal therapies, or intrauterine devices (IUDs) that release hormones. In more severe cases, a hysterectomy may be recommended, especially for women who have completed their childbearing.
